Essay on Biological Factors involved in Stress - 1604 Words

Psychological and physical well-being and the overall quality of life are under a constant threat of stress and thus, psychological and medical sciences have long been concerned with studying stress response. Cox (1979) claimed that because of the poor understanding and defining it, the concept of stress tends to be rather elusive. The term, â€Å"stress†, commonly describes any physchological or physical alteration that deranges the organism’s homeostasis (or balance). This essay reviews some of the biological factors involved in stress and it has been organized in the following way. The paper begins by briefly introducing the concept of stress. It will then go on to discus and describe the automatic response (fight or flight reaction),†¦show more content†¦The trouble begins when multiple life incidents hit us all at once and this is because during periods of dramatic changes, individuals are more vulnerable to stress (Jones Bright, 2001). Therefore, stress has got the ability to activate pretty every system within the body, however, through a rather rudimentary mechanism which lies within the cellular level (Shreedhar et al., 2010). Humans experience similar dramatic physiological stress responses as other species. That is to say, the physique response to a stressor prepares the body for rapid physical action (fight or flight). More rarely, as Rudinger (1988) argue, sitting paralysed by fear may constitute another response to stress. The fight or flee stress response involve extremely rapid, virtually immediate, changes within the muscular systems and organs (Pinel, 2006). When the sense organs (of hearing or sight) receive the â€Å"alarm signal† they instantly pass it to the brain. Then the brain sends messages to the muscles and organs and therefore, muscles contract, often very abruptly. If the state of alertness is prolonged, muscle activity and tension remain high in order to prepare the body of reacting quickly to any subsequent stimuli. In a fight or flight situation, heart rate changes. Furthermore, there are a series of chain reactions. The first thing that happens is that the heart starts to beat faster in order to pump a copious supply of blood to the essentialShow MoreRelatedMajor Depression And Its Effects On Social Involvement1565 Words   |  7 Pagesthe outcome and the solution for depression. Even though the main cause of depression is biology, social factors help derive stress that lead to depressive moods because of situations that people face which then supports the other etiologies. Through this essay I will discuss the so cial stress that causes depression through social involvement, relationships with close individuals, and stress from work. Secondly, how parental teaching affects the child’s thought process and in the way the child learnsRead MoreThe Importance Of The Biopsychosocial Approach : Treating Diabetes1498 Words   |  6 Pageshealthcare, but this approach lacks many important factors. While the biomedical approach takes into consideration the biologic aspect of a disease, it fails to address the importance of psychological and social factors when treating a patient. This paper compares the biomedical approach to the biopsychosocial model in healthcare, specifically in regards to diabetes. This article provides information concerning biological, psychological and social factors and their importance when treating a diabeticRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Obesity And Obesity1196 Words   |  5 Pagesmajor health concerns worldwide, obesity is a complex disorder which results from multip le factors that may interact or be correlated together that may influence body weight (Akabas, Lederman, Moore, 2012). Sociocultural and ethnic factors that may contribute to the complexity of obesity include: †¢ Biological †¢ Genetics †¢ Cultural †¢ Environmental †¢ Social/Eating Behaviors Biological Factors Biological factors may mediate ethnic/racial and socioeconomic (SES) differences in obesity. For example,Read MoreThe Importance Of The Biopsychosocial Model : Diabetes1351 Words   |  6 Pageshealthcare, but this approach lacks many important factors. While the biomedical approach takes into consideration the biological aspect of a disease, it fails to address the importance of psychological and social factors when treating a patient. This paper compares the biomedical approach to the biopsychosocial model in healthcare, specifically in regards to diabetes. This article provides information concerning biological, psychological and social factors and their importance when treating a diabeticRead MoreThe Pathway to Psychosis1433 Words   |  6 Pagesthe severe stress of the situation seems to take its toll on Hamlet putting him in a depressed state, and eventually over time he grows ‘mad’. To put in psychological terms, he developed psychosis. The question that this paper will address is how an individual develops psychosis? There is a wide range of theories, all with reasonable evidence. It These different theories seem to indicate that psychosis is the result of a recipe of different environmental, biological, and neuralRead MoreMolecular Mechanisms Underlying the Health Advantages Associated with Psychological Well-Being723 Words   |  3 Pagesconfounded negative psychological and behavioral factors. Hedonic and eudaimonic well-being showed similar affective correlates but highly divergent transcriptome profiles. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from people with high levels of hedonic well-being showed up-regulated expression of a stress-related conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA) involving increased expression of proinflammatory genes and decreased expression of genes involved in antibody synthesis and type I IFN responseRead More Does Exercise Help the Brain? Essay examples1735 Words   |  7 Pageswatching television can seem just as appealing. Why even bother working out? The reasons to work out may be greater than you think. Physical activity can make you feel good, keep you in shape, keep you healthy, but now researchers also are fi nding biological evidence that exercise benefits specific brain mechanisms. Just as exercise improves muscle tone and function, it may also have similar effects on the brain. Some people have thought that exercise positively affects the brain as well as theRead MoreThe Biopsychosocial Perspective Of Breast Cancer.For The1156 Words   |  5 Pagesmain focus on many health factors and diseases, including cancer. Recently, psychologists have been able to prove the psychological and social components of disease. This has forced Doctors, who once relied solely on the biological factors of disease to take a more holistic approach. To help demonstrate the biopsychosocial model of cancer, I will be focusing on breast cancer and it’s risk factors. I will be discussing the effects of race/ethnicity, stress, and genetic factors on the occurrence and recoveryRead MoreTendencies of Developing an Addiction1615 Words   |  7 Pagesthis uncertainty, factors from all levels of analysis need to be examined. The studies above are fairly reductionist as they only focus on the effect of neurotransmission of dopamine in addictive behaviour and do not consider other aspects that could contribute to addiction. The diathesis-stress model provides a reasonable explanation of addiction as a result of the interaction of biological and environmental factors. Genetics are indeed demonstrated to be a significant factor in addiction. EnvironmentalRead MoreThe Causes Of Autism Spectrum Disorder1006 Words   |  5 Pagesactivities. Like all disorders, there are biological, social, and therapeutic implications. Firstly, like many disorders there are several biological factors. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder, therefore Autism affects the development of the brain in utero. Furthermore, according to Simon Baron Cohen, professor at Cambridge University, â€Å"Autism is a lifelong condition and that it’s the way the child is born. Probably because of prenatal factors, you don’t expect the person to kind of grow

Toronto Anti Violence Intervention Strategy - 896 Words

Developed and implemented in early 2006, Toronto Anti-Violence Intervention Strategy (TAVIS) is a targeted approach to policing that incorporates increased surveillance along with increased patrols in lower income neighborhoods (Siciliano, 2010). This policy is the product of a constellation of factors that includes a key triggering shootout among two rival youth gangs on Boxing Day, 2005, which resulted in the death of innocent bystander Jane Creba. I. Identification of the problem The Toronto Anti-Violence Intervention Strategy (TAVIS) addresses the problem of criminal street gangs and illegal guns in Toronto. TAVIS aims to reduce gang activity and gun violence in Toronto through targeted policing in some of the 13 priority neighborhoods where crime analysis indicates chronic or an acute escalation in violence (Siciliano, 2010). As an intervention strategy, TAVIS operates on the principle of geographic-specific, intelligence-led policing intelligent-based policing that targets known gang associates engaged in guns and drug activities who are on the verge of committing an offence. According to the Toronto police, an Anti-Violence Intervention Strategy was a necessary investment in wake of increasing gun violence among poor (primarily black) youth in the city of Toronto, which peaked to its ultimate high in the year 2005 known as the ‘year of the gun’. A media spectacle of the Toronto’s gang violence primarily involving young black men from poor inner suburbanShow MoreRelatedThe Toronto Anti Violence Intervention Strategy1564 Words   |  7 Pages This basis of legitimacy is partly due to shared factors contextualized by authorities and institutions that play a critical role in identifying risk factors linked to youth offending. 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The 2009 OSDUHS Mental Health and Well-Being Report by the  Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  (CAMH) in Toronto, Ontario, showed almost 10% of 9,000 surveyed students from Grades 7 to 12 get at least 7 hours a day of screen time. A little over 10% also reported having computer gaming problems in the previous year. A recent article  Pediatrics (journal, 2009)  foundRead MoreThe Crime Rate in Canada2014 Words   |  8 Pagesthe 1997 law, Bill C-95, or the Anti-Gang Law, as an important milestone in Canadas effort to control organized crime. This law defines criminal organizations and crimes committed for the benefit of criminal organizations. This became particularly necessary, many scholars say, because of the expensive and bloody war between gangs in the 1990s, as well as the attempted murder of a Montreal journalist, Michel Auger, who reported on those activities (Canadas Anti-Gang Law, 2006). 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Production Strategy in China Free Essays

Mattel outsources its production to China through its Vendor Operations Asia (VOA), based at Hong Kong. VOA outsources to suppliers who are based at Hong Kong having their production setups in mainland China. These suppliers have the wherewithal to cut through the complex regulations and bureaucracy in China. We will write a custom essay sample on Production Strategy in China or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mattel outsources only its non core products and short life cycle products to China, which can respond very fast to product changes and modifications due to its strengths in material processing and expertise in toy manufacturing. In House Production vs. Outsourcing: In house production offers significant control over quality, product safety, because of the direct control over the supply chain by the company. It protects the IP rights of the company by not giving the manufacturing expertise and designs to any supplier. On the other hand, in house production can cost significantly more than outsourcing. Also, the company has to acquire a wide management knowledge base, to excel in supply chain management and manufacturing practices. Outsourcing significantly reduces production cost because of lower labor costs, lower inputs and material processing costs, and an existing infrastructure in manufacturing. So Mattel has better operational efficiency and reduced capital requirements. On the downside, quality is difficult to monitor, especially where there are secondary and tertiary suppliers who supply to the main vendor. A manufacturing plant needs to operate in an efficient manner. The support that is necessary for this is the supply chain, the costs of running a factory, including labor costs, and regulatory aspects of the country. The supply chain available in the country must be able to supply to this industry. Labor costs must be low and the local Government must be supportive of the venture. Offshoring and Outsourcing: When Mattel closes it American and European plants to set up its own manufacturing facilities in China, it is Offshoring. Offshoring happens when the company wants to manufacture by itself, but at a lower cost. When a Mattel factory in UK contracts out a portion of manufacturing to Poland or Mattel contracts an outside entity to completely manufacture a toy, it is outsourcing. Offshoring is a factory or operations shifting to some other country. Outsourcing is contracting an outside entity to do certain operations. Environmental Factors affecting Offshoring and Outsourcing in China: China has lax IP rules. Hence a supplier could end up manufacturing a look alike of Mattel toys and get away with it. China is very sensitive about labor issues and rights. Mattel’s suppliers and the VOA sit in Hong Kong and production happens in mainland China. Hence, it is very difficult to maintain and monitor quality. Rising costs in China are making suppliers evade safety standards. Amazon: Value Creation to Customers: Amazon creates value through its exceptional supply chain practices. These practices enable Amazon to offer a wide variety of products, at the lowest cost, with the best offers, at the fastest delivery time, with free shipping. These are achieved by   excellence in supply chain management, by establishing DC’s to cater to large demand groups and thus be able to serve customers quicker and better, generating higher sales. Amazon’s Strategy Evolution: Amazon started as a pure virtual e-marketing company, which will not stock its products but will operate with strategic alliances and only shipping and sorting operations are done. To effectively serve its customers and to create value, the company has moved to becoming an e-marketing company which stocks, sorts and ships material with a very complex and sophisticated own supply chain and allied operations. It allows customers to sell their own products and partners with other sites that are looking for a channel. It has moved from an e-marketing company to a global internet channel brand. Amazon’s US and European Strategy: The US is a large market with no differences in terms of culture. So Amazon is dealing with customers who have the same language and lifestyles. In Europe, the company can not replicate its US strategies in totem. There are three different large markets in Europe: UK, Germany France. Each has a different language, lifestyles and requirements. While in the US, the DC’s can effectively stock the same items and supply them to the target geographies. But in Europe, with three different portals supplying different products, the strategy is different. Also, Europe has different regulations to be complied with in terms of pricing. So Amazon relies on postal agencies, for their efficiency and low costs to provide free shipping and thus show a saving for the customer. Amazon started taking checks and postal orders to increase market penetration. In Europe, there were book wholesalers, so Amazon had to enter into direct partnerships with hundreds of publishers, unlike the US. Vendors do not operate on EDN, so time taken for fulfillment of orders is more and also uncertainty of shipped quantity. How to cite Production Strategy in China, Papers